iGaming Unit Economics Calculator

    Calculate key GGR metrics and multipliers for data-driven decisions

    Input Metrics

    Calculated Metrics

    Real-time calculated results based on your inputs

    Revenue Metrics

    Bets Sum

    $500,000

    Total wagered

    GGR

    $50,000

    Gross Gaming Revenue

    NGR

    $48,500

    Net Gaming Revenue

    RTP

    90.00%

    Return to Player

    Hold %

    10.00%

    House Hold

    User Metrics

    ARPU

    $50.00

    Avg Revenue per User

    ARPPU

    $333.33

    Avg Revenue per Paying User

    ADPU

    $60.00

    Avg Deposit per User

    ANDPU

    $300.00

    Avg New Deposit per User

    LTV

    $425.00

    Customer Lifetime Value

    Reg2Dep

    75.0%

    Registration to Deposit

    2nd Dep Rate

    60.0%

    First to Second Deposit

    APC

    10.00

    Avg Payments Count

    Engagement Metrics

    Deposit Turnover

    8.33

    Wagering ratio

    Sessions/User

    5.00

    Avg sessions per user

    Avg Session Length

    25 min

    Minutes per session

    Session Count

    5,000

    Session Count

    Bets/Session

    10.00

    Avg bets per session

    Financial Metrics

    Withdrawal Ratio

    41.7%

    Withdrawal to deposit

    Bonus Cost %

    10.0%

    Bonus as % of GGR

    Bonus Conversion

    1600.0%

    Bonus requirements met

    Avg Deposit

    $40.00

    Average deposit size

    Retention Metrics

    Retention D1

    85.0%

    Day 1 retention

    Retention D3

    72.0%

    Day 3 retention

    Retention D7

    60.0%

    Day 7 retention

    Retention D15

    45.0%

    Day 15 retention

    Churn Rate

    40.0%

    User attrition

    Key Formulas

    Bets Sum = PAU × Bets Count × Bet AVG
    GGR = Bets Sum - Bets Wins
    NGR = GGR - Bonus Issued + Bonus Cleared
    RTP = (Bets Wins / Bets Sum) × 100
    Hold % = (GGR / Bets Sum) × 100
    Deposit Turnover = Bets Sum / Deposits Sum
    ARPU = GGR / PAU
    ARPPU = GGR / FTD
    ADPU = Deposits Sum / PAU
    ANDPU = Deposits from New / New Users
    APC = Deposit Count / FTD
    Avg Deposit = Deposits Sum / Deposit Count
    Reg2Dep = (FTD / New Players) × 100
    2nd Dep Rate = (2nd Depositors / FTD) × 100
    Retention D7 = (Retained D7 / PAU) × 100
    Churn Rate = ((PAU - Retained D7) / PAU) × 100
    Sessions/User = Session Count / PAU
    Bets/Session = (Bets Count × PAU) / Sessions
    Withdrawal Ratio = (Withdrawals / Deposits) × 100
    Bonus Cost % = (Bonus Issued / GGR) × 100
    Bonus Conversion = (Met / Issued Count) × 100
    LTV = ARPU × Avg User Lifetime

    Extended Formula Descriptions

    Comprehensive explanations of all unit economics metrics for iGaming platforms

    Core Metrics

    PAU (Players Active Users)
    Count of unique active users in period

    The number of scaling units - potential customers who interact with the platform during a specific period. This is your baseline for all conversion calculations.

    C1 (Conversion to First Deposit)
    C1 = FTD / New Players

    Conversion to first purchase. One of the key product metrics that determines how well the product sells value. It has a non-linear impact on Contribution Margin and is the linking factor between scaling unit space and customer space: LTC = CLTC×C1, LTV = CLTV×C1

    Players Count
    Players = PAU × C1

    The number of customers, a derived metric defined through PAU and C1. This represents actual paying players who have made at least one deposit.

    Gaming Revenue

    Bets Sum
    Bets Sum = Bets Count × Bet Average

    Total amount wagered by all players. This is the gross betting volume before any winnings are paid out.

    GGR (Gross Gaming Revenue)
    GGR = Bets Sum - Bets Wins

    Total gaming revenue before deductions. This represents the house edge in action - the difference between all bets placed and all winnings paid.

    NGR (Net Gaming Revenue)
    NGR = GGR - Bonuses Issued

    Real revenue after bonuses. This is what the business actually earns after promotional costs are deducted from gross gaming revenue.

    RTP (Return to Player)
    RTP = (Bets Wins / Bets Sum) × 100%

    Percentage of wagered money returned to players as winnings. Industry standard varies by game type, typically 94-98% for slots.

    Hold % (House Hold)
    Hold % = (GGR / Bets Sum) × 100%

    The operator's retained share of bets. This is the inverse of RTP and represents the mathematical advantage the house maintains.

    Player Value

    ARPU (Average Revenue per User)
    ARPU = GGR / PAU

    Revenue generated per active user, including both depositing and non-depositing players. Measures overall platform monetization efficiency.

    ARPPU (Average Revenue per Paying User)
    ARPPU = GGR / Players Count

    Revenue generated per depositing player only. This metric focuses on the value of converted players and is typically 3-5x higher than ARPU.

    ADPU (Average Deposit per User)
    ADPU = Deposits Sum / PAU

    Average deposit amount per active user, including non-depositors. Measures deposit intensity across entire user base.

    ANDPU (Average New Deposit per User)
    ANDPU = Deposits Sum / New Players

    Average deposit from newly acquired players. Evaluates the quality of player acquisition and early monetization effectiveness.

    Deposit Metrics

    Average Deposit Amount
    Avg Deposit = Deposits Sum / Deposit Count

    Mean value per deposit transaction. This helps understand typical player spending patterns and set appropriate deposit limits.

    APC (Average Payments Count)
    APC = Deposit Count / Players Count

    Average number of deposits per player. Shows player loyalty and engagement. Higher APC indicates better retention and trust.

    Deposit Turnover
    Deposit Turnover = Bets Sum / Deposits Sum

    How many times deposited money is wagered before withdrawal. Higher turnover indicates better engagement and lower immediate withdrawal rate.

    Conversion

    Reg2Dep (Registration to Deposit)
    Reg2Dep = (FTD / New Players) × 100%

    Percentage of registered players who make their first deposit. Critical conversion metric for acquisition efficiency.

    2nd Deposit Rate
    2nd Dep Rate = (Second Depositors / FTD) × 100%

    Shows early retention and satisfaction. Players who make a second deposit are significantly more likely to become long-term customers.

    Retention

    Retention Rate D1
    Retention D1 = (Retained Players D1 / New Players) × 100%

    Percentage of new players who return after 1 day. Early indicator of product-market fit and onboarding quality.

    Retention Rate D3
    Retention D3 = (Retained Players D3 / New Players) × 100%

    Percentage returning after 3 days. Critical metric for understanding if initial excitement translates to habit formation.

    Retention Rate D7
    Retention D7 = (Retained Players D7 / New Players) × 100%

    Week 1 retention. This is a standard industry benchmark for comparing platform stickiness.

    Retention Rate D15
    Retention D15 = (Retained Players D15 / New Players) × 100%

    Two-week retention. Players retained this long typically become medium-term customers.

    Churn Rate
    Churn = (1 - Retention D15) × 100%

    Percentage of players lost over time. Used to predict customer lifetime and identify engagement issues.

    Engagement

    Sessions per User
    Sessions per User = Session Count / PAU

    Average number of gaming sessions per user. Higher values indicate better engagement and platform stickiness.

    Average Session Length
    Avg Session = Session Length Avg (minutes)

    Average time spent per session. Longer sessions typically correlate with higher GGR but must be balanced against responsible gaming.

    Average Bets per Session
    Bets per Session = Bets Count / Session Count

    Activity intensity per gameplay session. Measures how actively players engage during each visit.

    Financial

    Withdrawal Ratio
    Withdrawal Ratio = (Withdrawals Sum / Deposits Sum) × 100%

    Financial outflow vs inflow balance. Lower ratio indicates better player retention and higher effective monetization.

    Bonus

    Bonus Cost %
    Bonus Cost = (Bonus Issued / GGR) × 100%

    Bonus load as percentage of gross revenue. Industry benchmark is typically 10-20%. Higher percentages may indicate inefficient promotions.

    Bonus Conversion Rate
    Bonus Conv = (Bonus Met / Bonus Issued) × 100%

    Percentage of bonuses that meet wagering requirements. Shows how effectively bonuses drive sustained engagement vs. bonus hunting.

    Lifetime Value

    CLTV (Customer Lifetime Value)
    CLTV = ARPPU × APC

    Gross profit per customer over entire lifetime. Key metric showing total value generated by a converted player.

    LTV (Lifetime Value per Scaling Unit)
    LTV = CLTV × C1

    Gross profit per scaling unit (potential customer). Accounts for conversion rate to show value per acquired user, not just per depositor.

    Average User Lifetime
    User Lifetime = Avg User Lifetime (months)

    Expected duration a player remains active. Calculated based on cohort analysis and retention curves. Typical iGaming lifetime is 3-12 months.

    Cost

    CLTC (Customer Lifetime Cost)
    CLTC = Total Acquisition Cost / Players Count

    Total cost to acquire and retain one customer. Includes marketing spend, bonuses, and retention costs over the customer lifetime.

    LTC (Lifetime Cost per Scaling Unit)
    LTC = CLTC × C1

    Acquisition cost per scaling unit. Accounts for the fact that not all acquired users convert to depositing players.

    Profitability

    Contribution Margin (CM)
    CM = PAU × (LTV - LTC)

    Total profit generated from scaling units. This is the key metric showing if your unit economics are sustainable. Positive CM means each cohort is profitable.

    CM per Player
    CM per Player = Players × (CLTV - CLTC)

    Alternative calculation showing contribution margin from the customer perspective. Should equal the scaling unit calculation when properly configured.

    Key Relationships

    • LTV = CLTV × C1 - Conversion rate links customer value to scaling unit value
    • LTC = CLTC × C1 - Cost per customer adjusted for conversion rate
    • CM = PAU × (LTV - LTC) - Profitability from scaling unit perspective
    • CM = Players × (CLTV - CLTC) - Same profitability from customer perspective
    • GGR = Bets Sum × Hold % - Revenue is betting volume times house edge
    • NGR = GGR - Bonuses - True revenue after promotional costs

    Industry Benchmarks (iGaming)

    Conversion Metrics:

    • • Reg2Dep: 25-35%
    • • 2nd Deposit Rate: 30-45%
    • • Click2Dep: 5-15%

    Retention Metrics:

    • • D1 Retention: 25-35%
    • • D7 Retention: 15-25%
    • • D30 Retention: 8-15%

    Gaming Metrics:

    • • RTP (Slots): 94-98%
    • • Hold %: 2-6%
    • • Bonus Cost: 10-20% of GGR

    Value Metrics:

    • • ARPPU: $100-500/month
    • • LTV/CAC Ratio: >3:1
    • • Average Lifetime: 3-12 months