iGaming Unit Economics Calculator
Calculate key GGR metrics and multipliers for data-driven decisions
Input Metrics
Calculated Metrics
Real-time calculated results based on your inputs
Revenue Metrics
$500,000
Total wagered
$50,000
Gross Gaming Revenue
$48,500
Net Gaming Revenue
90.00%
Return to Player
10.00%
House Hold
User Metrics
$50.00
Avg Revenue per User
$333.33
Avg Revenue per Paying User
$60.00
Avg Deposit per User
$300.00
Avg New Deposit per User
$425.00
Customer Lifetime Value
75.0%
Registration to Deposit
60.0%
First to Second Deposit
10.00
Avg Payments Count
Engagement Metrics
8.33
Wagering ratio
5.00
Avg sessions per user
25 min
Minutes per session
5,000
Session Count
10.00
Avg bets per session
Financial Metrics
41.7%
Withdrawal to deposit
10.0%
Bonus as % of GGR
1600.0%
Bonus requirements met
$40.00
Average deposit size
Retention Metrics
85.0%
Day 1 retention
72.0%
Day 3 retention
60.0%
Day 7 retention
45.0%
Day 15 retention
40.0%
User attrition
Key Formulas
Extended Formula Descriptions
Comprehensive explanations of all unit economics metrics for iGaming platforms
Core Metrics
PAU (Players Active Users)
Count of unique active users in periodThe number of scaling units - potential customers who interact with the platform during a specific period. This is your baseline for all conversion calculations.
C1 (Conversion to First Deposit)
C1 = FTD / New PlayersConversion to first purchase. One of the key product metrics that determines how well the product sells value. It has a non-linear impact on Contribution Margin and is the linking factor between scaling unit space and customer space: LTC = CLTC×C1, LTV = CLTV×C1
Players Count
Players = PAU × C1The number of customers, a derived metric defined through PAU and C1. This represents actual paying players who have made at least one deposit.
Gaming Revenue
Bets Sum
Bets Sum = Bets Count × Bet AverageTotal amount wagered by all players. This is the gross betting volume before any winnings are paid out.
GGR (Gross Gaming Revenue)
GGR = Bets Sum - Bets WinsTotal gaming revenue before deductions. This represents the house edge in action - the difference between all bets placed and all winnings paid.
NGR (Net Gaming Revenue)
NGR = GGR - Bonuses IssuedReal revenue after bonuses. This is what the business actually earns after promotional costs are deducted from gross gaming revenue.
RTP (Return to Player)
RTP = (Bets Wins / Bets Sum) × 100%Percentage of wagered money returned to players as winnings. Industry standard varies by game type, typically 94-98% for slots.
Hold % (House Hold)
Hold % = (GGR / Bets Sum) × 100%The operator's retained share of bets. This is the inverse of RTP and represents the mathematical advantage the house maintains.
Player Value
ARPU (Average Revenue per User)
ARPU = GGR / PAURevenue generated per active user, including both depositing and non-depositing players. Measures overall platform monetization efficiency.
ARPPU (Average Revenue per Paying User)
ARPPU = GGR / Players CountRevenue generated per depositing player only. This metric focuses on the value of converted players and is typically 3-5x higher than ARPU.
ADPU (Average Deposit per User)
ADPU = Deposits Sum / PAUAverage deposit amount per active user, including non-depositors. Measures deposit intensity across entire user base.
ANDPU (Average New Deposit per User)
ANDPU = Deposits Sum / New PlayersAverage deposit from newly acquired players. Evaluates the quality of player acquisition and early monetization effectiveness.
Deposit Metrics
Average Deposit Amount
Avg Deposit = Deposits Sum / Deposit CountMean value per deposit transaction. This helps understand typical player spending patterns and set appropriate deposit limits.
APC (Average Payments Count)
APC = Deposit Count / Players CountAverage number of deposits per player. Shows player loyalty and engagement. Higher APC indicates better retention and trust.
Deposit Turnover
Deposit Turnover = Bets Sum / Deposits SumHow many times deposited money is wagered before withdrawal. Higher turnover indicates better engagement and lower immediate withdrawal rate.
Conversion
Reg2Dep (Registration to Deposit)
Reg2Dep = (FTD / New Players) × 100%Percentage of registered players who make their first deposit. Critical conversion metric for acquisition efficiency.
2nd Deposit Rate
2nd Dep Rate = (Second Depositors / FTD) × 100%Shows early retention and satisfaction. Players who make a second deposit are significantly more likely to become long-term customers.
Retention
Retention Rate D1
Retention D1 = (Retained Players D1 / New Players) × 100%Percentage of new players who return after 1 day. Early indicator of product-market fit and onboarding quality.
Retention Rate D3
Retention D3 = (Retained Players D3 / New Players) × 100%Percentage returning after 3 days. Critical metric for understanding if initial excitement translates to habit formation.
Retention Rate D7
Retention D7 = (Retained Players D7 / New Players) × 100%Week 1 retention. This is a standard industry benchmark for comparing platform stickiness.
Retention Rate D15
Retention D15 = (Retained Players D15 / New Players) × 100%Two-week retention. Players retained this long typically become medium-term customers.
Churn Rate
Churn = (1 - Retention D15) × 100%Percentage of players lost over time. Used to predict customer lifetime and identify engagement issues.
Engagement
Sessions per User
Sessions per User = Session Count / PAUAverage number of gaming sessions per user. Higher values indicate better engagement and platform stickiness.
Average Session Length
Avg Session = Session Length Avg (minutes)Average time spent per session. Longer sessions typically correlate with higher GGR but must be balanced against responsible gaming.
Average Bets per Session
Bets per Session = Bets Count / Session CountActivity intensity per gameplay session. Measures how actively players engage during each visit.
Financial
Withdrawal Ratio
Withdrawal Ratio = (Withdrawals Sum / Deposits Sum) × 100%Financial outflow vs inflow balance. Lower ratio indicates better player retention and higher effective monetization.
Bonus
Bonus Cost %
Bonus Cost = (Bonus Issued / GGR) × 100%Bonus load as percentage of gross revenue. Industry benchmark is typically 10-20%. Higher percentages may indicate inefficient promotions.
Bonus Conversion Rate
Bonus Conv = (Bonus Met / Bonus Issued) × 100%Percentage of bonuses that meet wagering requirements. Shows how effectively bonuses drive sustained engagement vs. bonus hunting.
Lifetime Value
CLTV (Customer Lifetime Value)
CLTV = ARPPU × APCGross profit per customer over entire lifetime. Key metric showing total value generated by a converted player.
LTV (Lifetime Value per Scaling Unit)
LTV = CLTV × C1Gross profit per scaling unit (potential customer). Accounts for conversion rate to show value per acquired user, not just per depositor.
Average User Lifetime
User Lifetime = Avg User Lifetime (months)Expected duration a player remains active. Calculated based on cohort analysis and retention curves. Typical iGaming lifetime is 3-12 months.
Cost
CLTC (Customer Lifetime Cost)
CLTC = Total Acquisition Cost / Players CountTotal cost to acquire and retain one customer. Includes marketing spend, bonuses, and retention costs over the customer lifetime.
LTC (Lifetime Cost per Scaling Unit)
LTC = CLTC × C1Acquisition cost per scaling unit. Accounts for the fact that not all acquired users convert to depositing players.
Profitability
Contribution Margin (CM)
CM = PAU × (LTV - LTC)Total profit generated from scaling units. This is the key metric showing if your unit economics are sustainable. Positive CM means each cohort is profitable.
CM per Player
CM per Player = Players × (CLTV - CLTC)Alternative calculation showing contribution margin from the customer perspective. Should equal the scaling unit calculation when properly configured.
Key Relationships
- • LTV = CLTV × C1 - Conversion rate links customer value to scaling unit value
- • LTC = CLTC × C1 - Cost per customer adjusted for conversion rate
- • CM = PAU × (LTV - LTC) - Profitability from scaling unit perspective
- • CM = Players × (CLTV - CLTC) - Same profitability from customer perspective
- • GGR = Bets Sum × Hold % - Revenue is betting volume times house edge
- • NGR = GGR - Bonuses - True revenue after promotional costs
Industry Benchmarks (iGaming)
Conversion Metrics:
- • Reg2Dep: 25-35%
- • 2nd Deposit Rate: 30-45%
- • Click2Dep: 5-15%
Retention Metrics:
- • D1 Retention: 25-35%
- • D7 Retention: 15-25%
- • D30 Retention: 8-15%
Gaming Metrics:
- • RTP (Slots): 94-98%
- • Hold %: 2-6%
- • Bonus Cost: 10-20% of GGR
Value Metrics:
- • ARPPU: $100-500/month
- • LTV/CAC Ratio: >3:1
- • Average Lifetime: 3-12 months